Phosphorus flow analysis for Malawi: Identifying potential sources of renewable phosphorus recovery

Population growth and dietary needs changes have exerted pressure on phosphorus (P) reserves, the future availability of P fertilisers is uncertain. Most Malawian soils low farmers apply to harvest enough food. Scarcity chemical rising prices will affect Malawi's food security. To avert impact uncertainty a flow analysis (PFA) was conducted characterise quantify sources, flows, sinks determine options for waste minimisation, recovery, fertiliser use reduction Malawi. The PFA results highlighted that; there are 35000 Mg recyclable organic annually, which over two times annual demand (14000 Mg). Currently, only 16% recycled agriculture. Chemical represents 66 % used crop production. Manure most source (38 recycled), followed by solid (6%), residues (5%). Annually, 9000 transferred faecal matter, but none recycled. Overall, negative balance -4000 Mg. Malawi can reduce its dependence imported if recycling adopted. However, regulations should be put in place control quality fertilisers.